Detection and correlation analysis of serum cytokines in non-small-cell lung cancer patients with bone and non-bone metastases

OBJECTIVE To detect and analyze 13 cytokines that may be related to bone metastasis in the serum of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with bone metastases and NSCLC patients with non-bone metastases. PATIENTS AND METHODS The Luminex LiquiChip system was used to detect the concentration of 13 cytokines that may be related to bone metastasis in the serum of 30 NSCLC patients with bone metastases and 30 with non-bone metastases. RESULTS The concentration of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) in the serum of NSCLC patients with bone metastases was obviously higher than in non-bone metastasis patients (P=0.014). The serum concentration of other cytokines showed no significant difference (P>0.05) between the two groups. The concentration of IGFBP-3 in the serum of the bone metastasis group was positively correlated to VEGF concentration (r=0.804, P=0.009) and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) concentration (r=0.785, P=0.012), but had no correlation to other factors (P>0.05). No correlation was found between serum concentrations of cytokines in bone metastasis. Concentration of IGFBP-3 in the serum of bone metastasis patients was positively correlated to the presence or absence of pain at diagnosis (r=0.701, P=0.036) and performance status (PS) score (r=0.670, P=0.048), and correlated with the number of bone metastases, sex, age, pathological characteristics, T stage, and N stage (P>0.05). CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggest important clinical implications to detect the concentration of IGFBP-3 in the serum of lung cancer patients so as to evaluate the diagnosis and degree of bone metastasis. Concentration of IGFBP-3 in the serum of bone metastasis patients was positively correlated to concentration of VEGF and MCP-1, which may be highly relevant for the development of new treatments for bone metastasis of lung cancer.